Midterm Exam 9th Grade Palestine

U. N. R. W. A Date: eighth Nov. 2012 Department of Education Time: Name:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Midterm English language test Grade: ninth Reading Around the world, individuals likewise discovered characteristic approaches to shield from the climate. In cool districts, customary houses were frequently low with thick dividers and little windows that confronted away from the course of tempests. In the hot rainforests of South-East Asia, individuals manufactured their homes over the ground and high on slopes to get each cool breeze. In the hot, dry Middle East, customary patio houses accomplished something similar.Their thick, white dividers mirrored the sun’s heat and continued everything inside cool. The stature of these dividers likewise gave cool shade in the yard throughout the day. During the most recent 100 years, a great many people have quit living in conventional houses with their old methods of securing against the climate. Presently, w e warmth and cool our advanced block and solid houses and condos with power, oil and gas. Peruse and answer the accompanying inquiries 1. What has changed during the most recent 100 years? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2. How are homes worked in the center east? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3. What are the materials utilized in building present day houses? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4. From the content locate something contrary to: Cold: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Current: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ]1[ Low: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5. The underlined pronoun their line 7 alludes to †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6. T or F 1) Traditional houses in cool spots were frequently worked with high and thick dividers. ( ) 2) White dividers doesn't mirror the sun's warmth. ( ) Vocabulary Complete the accompanying sentences utilizing words from the rundown Shade Excuse me mud port entire rush cabinet recall overlook in time ) Sandy: I should †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ to take my manual. Muna: And don't †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ to take your Turkish expression book. 2) The elderly person sat in the †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ of the divider. 3) The Masai individuals utilized †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. in building their homes. 4) We ought to †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. since we are late. 5) He got to the gathering just †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6) Constantinople is a significant †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. for Turkey. 7) Sara cleaned the †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ house yesterday. 8) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦, would you be able to snap a picture of me and my companion? 9) I'm going to purchase another †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ one week from now. Language I. Complete the sentences with right types of the action words between sections 1-Arabs †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Spain 500 years prior. (involve) 2-Salim typically †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦(put) on dark shoes however now she (wear)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ white mentors. 3-Water †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. of hydrogen and oxygen. (comprise) ]2[ 4-I †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. another vehicle three days prior. (purchase) 5-She †¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ that film. (as of now, see) 6-We †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. two tests so far this semester. (have) 7-Lamis used to †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. a ton when she was youthful. (cry) II. Pick the right answer 1-I'm going to purchase ( a †a †the ) umbrella. 2-Lamis used to ( cry †cries †cried ) a great deal when she was youthful. 3-Suha still ( hasn’t †has †have ) tidied up the room. Listening a) Listen and answer †Where is the flight taking off to? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 what number hours is the flight? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3-what is the flight number? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. b) T o r F 1-The arrangement will fly at a stature of 7839 meters. () 2-The neighborhood time in Seattle is 11:45. () c) A word that implies authority †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Speaking Complete the accompanying exchange London For five days 11 I might want fish bag littler Officer: Passport and ticket, it would be ideal if you Sam: Here is my identification, and my ticket. Official: Where are you heading today? Sam: I am going to †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. for a gathering. Official: How long will you be staying?Sam: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ]3[ entryway B Officer: Thank you. What number of sacks would you say you are bringing today, sir? Sam: I need to check the enormous †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. , and I need to convey the †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦one on with me. Official: What do you need for your feast? Chicken or fish? Sam: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦, kindly Official: Good. Your seat is saved. You can go to †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Official: Thank you. Farewell. Composing Number the sentences in the right request and compose as a section ___ From here, turn south and stroll to the well known Blue Mosque. ___ Inside, make certain to take a gander at the magnificent blue tiles that give the spot its name. __ The focal point of Sultanahmet Park is a decent spot to begin your voyage through old Istanbul. ___ When you leave, return over the nurseries, past your beginning stage, to an a lot more established structure, Aya Sofya. ___ As you go, gaze toward the numerous vaults and the six tall minarets of this well known case of Islamic design. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Good karma ]4[Captain: Hello everybody, this is the chief talking, and I need to invite you to Flight 18 for Seattle. Our flight time today is 2 hours and 14 minutes, and we will be flying at a normal stature of 8 839. 2 meters. The nearby time in Seattle is a quarter to twelve (11:45), and the ebb and flow clim ate is bright, however there is an opportunity of downpour later in the day. We will show up at Gate 13 at Seattle air terminal. For the benefit of Sky Airlines and the team, I need to wish you a charming remain in the Seattle zone or at your last goal. Kick back and appreciate the flight.

Becoming a Nurse Essay

Explicit Purpose: To advise my crowd about the various degrees of nursing accessible to have the option to work in the social insurance field, what their expected set of responsibilities for each level involves, and deciding do they truly have the stuff to turn into a decent medical attendant. Presentation Enticement: First off let me state â€Å"I Love My Job†. I knew from a youth age that I needed to be a medical caretaker. There is nothing better than the incredible inclination that comes over you realizing you can comfort, support and train an outsider in their period of scarcity; Knowing that you have contacted their lives, or a relatives life, such that they will always remember. Crowd inspiration: A great deal of people become or think they need to turn into a medical caretaker as a result of the compensation scale. They trust it is a â€Å"easy† approach to get by. I am here to educate you regarding the opposite side of nursing; you know the one nobody gives you access on until the principal day at work. Validity: I have consistently been a nurturer commonly, even in adolescence with companions, kin and at focuses in time feeling as though I was the parent and defender of my mom. I discover extraordinary enthusiasm for specific ailments, their causes and their fix es, having the option to give useful data to patients, their relatives, and the overall population, and to bring familiarity with issues, fixes and medicines to the cutting edge. Reason: I am going to put this inquiry in your musings; â€Å"Am I thinking about a vocation in nursing because of the possibility of a simple compensation, or do I genuinely have the heart and character that is required to be an accomplishment in this field.† Preview: Today I am going to plot the various degrees of nursing testaments, licenses and degrees accessible. I will examine the set of working responsibilities and care you will be relied upon to give to theâ patient at each level. At long last I will examine the main concern; you know the one factor that impacts over portion of all people to turn into a medical attendant. [Transition]: Let us start with addressing the levels accessible to work in while utilized in the nursing field of social insurance. BODY I. The field of nursing offers numerous open doors for people who are thinking about this as a lifelong move. Remembering regardless of what level you pick in nursing it will be a requesting and compensating vocation to take part in. A. There are various degrees of nursing beginning toward the start with a CNA, PCT, LPN, RN, and in the end finishing with ARNP. Confirmed Nursing Assistant-alluded to a CNA. Working in clinics, long haul offices, helped living focuses, grown-up day care focuses, home wellbeing offices and other clinical, network and private settings. A Certified Nursing Assistant is approved to perform explicit obligations to help medical caretakers. CNAs work intimately with patients to help give care to their essential physical and enthusiastic needs, and may likewise perform imperative signs and manage prescriptions â€Å"if† authorized to do as such. BODY (Continued) Authorized Practical Nurse-alluded to as a LPN. helps doctors and enrolled attendants (RNs) care for patients. They have the instructing and information to perform routine nursing obligations. LPNs likewise plan arrangements, keep up tolerant records, and perform administrative style obligations. Accessible positions can be found in medical clinics, nursing homes, and numerous medicinal services organizations, and private homes. Enlisted Nurse-alluded to as a RN. You treat patients and help in their recovery, give counsel and passionate help to patients’ families. Many enrolled medical caretakers are general obligation attendants who center around the general consideration of the licenses. Notwithstanding persistent consideration they are set in places of administering LPNs and CNAs, nursing helpers and orderlies. They hold obligation regarding booking of medical attendant staffing and patient assignments to other nursing dependent on that nurse’s experience and capacit ies. Progressed Registered Nurse Practitioner-alluded to ARNP practice propelled nursing in one of four particular zones, including Certified Nurse Anesthetists, Certified Nurse Midwives, Certified Nurse Practitioners and Clinical Nurse Specialists. Medical caretaker Practitioners are authorized to rehearse autonomously without direct oversight. Medical attendant Practitioners work in an assortment of settings to incorporate private practice, emergency clinics, wandering consideration communities, general wellbeing offices, school based wellbeing facilities and different settings. B. There are various work shifts accessible to all degrees of nursing, which makes this field speaking to numerous individuals. Eight hour shifts are commonly accessible inside the workplace settings of private practice offices. This move by and large runs 08:00 am to 5:00 pm. Twelve hour shifts are the general rule that dominant part of emergency clinics plan by in today’s time. These shifts regularly run between 07:00 am until 7:00 pm, or 7:00 pm until 07:00 am. Progress: Now let’s proceed onward to genuine portrayals of their individual positions. II. Each degree of endorsement or degree contains various duties and necessities from occ upation to work, however we will basically discuss the general principles. CNA-Vital signs help with or absolutely perform individual consideration of every patient, archiving in outline charts the patient admission and yield for a specific time period, and in certain examples performing non-hesitant strategies, for example, Foley catheter inclusion, and dressing changes. As a CNA you are more than likely the primary purpose of contact with a patient during your work day, you will invest greater part of your energy to some degree taking into account the patient. You will be directed by regularly a RN and every so often a LPN relying upon the setting. LPN-incorporates a great deal of the previously mentioned obligations alongside prescription organization, beginning and stopping intravenous access, diagramming full appraisals on your patient during start of each move and intermittently all through the move contingent upon the status of your patient. Getting ready patient for planned systems including guaranteeing that all legitimate assent structures are marked and seen, directing any kind of prep that may have been requested by the doctor. Guaranteeing that the patient clinical record is stayed up with the latest and helping the doctor with any inquiries or necessities he may have regarding you understanding. You will be managed by a RN. RN-as referenced in the other two classifications you will be liable for the entirety of the above obligations and extra obligations. These may include: Mentoring different attendants new to the field or jus t to your zone of claim to fame, booking of your work day staff, doling out explicit patients to explicit medical attendants relying upon their degree of expertise, overseeing Code situationsâ in emergencies and controlling certain drug that are represented and can't be regulated by the previously mentioned positions. Offering an explanation to doctors all through your work day concerning quiet consideration, record keeping and planning of requests, tests or methods their patient needs. BODY (Continued) ARNP-in this position you are qualified to work autonomously just as nearby a doctor regularly. You are permitted to compose explicit requests for tests, medicine and methodology for quiet with the understanding that a doctor will follow behind and co-sign these requests. ARNP’s can and do oversee and run autonomous clinical workplaces while a doctor perhaps working at the medical clinic, in the OR, at another facility. ARNP’s frequently spread call periods for the doctor they work for accepting calls for the duration of the day and night from patients out of luck. Change: Keeping as a primary concern that the entirety of the above positions are basic in the general image of the human services framework from a nursing point of view. We have secured the degrees of declarations and degrees in nursing now let’s address the primary concern subject. III. This is a subject that makes a ton of people settle on a choice to turn into an attendant without genuinely explori ng the obligations and duties of somebody in the nursing field. It additionally is a subject that blinds a great deal of people from surveying their own character, tolerance and capacity to play out these assignments. CNA-pay scale for the CNA shifts relying upon the kind of office of which you are utilized. Base beginning compensation is around $8.92 and up to $11.87 as indicated by research posted by www.payscale.com. LPN-pay scale for a LPN fluctuates relying upon the kind of office of which you are utilized. Base beginning compensation is $14.09 and up to $20.90 as indicated by research posted by www.payscale.com. RN-pay scale for the RN fluctuates relying upon the sort of office of which you are utilized. Base beginning compensation is $20.98 and up to $29.55 as indicated by research posted by www.payscale.com. ARNP-pay scale for the ARNP depends on a yearly compensation instead of an hourly rate, and again it relies upon the sort of office and claim to fame you practice in. Base beginning compensation is $65,924 and up to $93,341. End Synopsis: Taking into account the data I have secured here today,â and considering the compensations I have cited are on the whole starting pay rates recently out of school, do you think you have the stuff to make a â€Å"Good† nurture. At the point when I state â€Å"Good† nurture I am talking about an individual who plays out their activity putting the entirety of the aptitudes they have figured out how to utilize, working from their heart and actually adoring their activity and the individuals they care for. A â€Å"OK† nurture is one who is there for the dollar, they are upset by the patient grievances, the tedium of their obligations and the exhausting requests set on nursing on an everyday premise. On the off chance that you are a â€Å"OK† nurture you will be exposed to the term â€Å"BURN OUT† faster than you will ever start to appreciate the profession way you have put resources into. Pull together: In settling on your choice to turn into a medical caretaker mull over the entirety of the components that have been introduced here today. Really settle on this choice dependent on a real existence ti

Campaign Planning Brief free essay sample

The crusade arranging brief gives a review of the promoting program which will be utilized in this year’s best in class Country Road pack battle. This concise will likewise cover and edify the potential manners by which Country Road will move toward their intended interest group and its huge college understudy showcase. | University of Technology Sydney †24510 Advertising Research Kohei Himura 10732307 Table of Contents Marketing Objective3 Communication objective3 Target Customer Description/Profile3 Obstructions to purchase4 Important and Unique Benefit Claims4 Customer Motivations5 Principal Competition/Competitive Offers5 Current and Desired Perceptions6 Creative Strategies and Tactics6 The Customer Promise6 Tone and Manner7 Other Marketing Communications’ Activities7 Response and Monitoring Measures7 Mandatories7 Marketing Objective Country Road has straightforward promoting goals, which is anything but difficult to follow and can be truly reachable with the present boundaries and target showcase which is introduced for the Country Road sacks. This incorporates the accompanying; * Create a picture to increase uplifting mentality among the intended interest group, ideally permitting Country Road to expand piece of the pie by 10% * Inform target crowd about highlights and advantages of our item and its upper hand, prompting a 25% expansion in deals in a single year. * Decrease or expel potential clients protection from purchasing our item The goal recorded above to happen in 1 years time from the beginning of the battle Communication objective As built up through the exhaustive research led on Country Road sacks, the item has just had a great deal of presentation and the intended interest group is exceptionally mindful of the current item and brand. Knowing this the Country Road sacks will direct a mentality based crusade, which will permit the battle to be increasingly effective as the intended interest group knows about the lofty brand Country Road and its previous fame before the crusade. As an organization we additionally wish to make an outright need and need to the intended interest group as it is a high association †transformational brand mentality item which along these lines will give the purchaser a transformational rationale to purchase the item as it is adding positive to their lives. (Socially, practically and so on ) Besides the demeanor change and arrangement, the target will likewise be to amplify piece of the pie by changing the objective audience’s wants with contender (Esprit) and substitute sacks (Woolworths Green pack), along these lines making a positive inclination before a buy choice to be decisive. Target Customer Description/Profile The focused on client portrayal/profile for the Country Road sacks is first off can fluctuate from any brand steadfast client to a brand switcher. This is a result of the high brand acknowledgment/nature of item offered by Country Road to keep the brand loyals, and the low reasonable value go offered to keep the brand switchers upbeat. Nation Road’s packs as of now been set up through research is an item which will be focused on explicitly to the undergrad college understudies. The understudy for this situation can be the two guys and females as the item is unisex, and as time goes, patterns go back and forth so we wish to target students who are extremely in vogue and are regarded well known from their companions, or want to make a picture for themselves through the transformational buy in which they will make early introductions do the talking. Obstructions to buy Companies frequently want to sell items which can be purchased by anybody and are useful to anybody. Be that as it may, this can't be accomplished to a pace of 100%, there are a few distinct components/reasons which may confine a buy contrasting from organization to organization. In any case, in Country Road’s case the accompanying components make boundaries to buy, including the accompanying; Price (Financial) Price is a typical factor which influences most of the populace for any buy. For this situation for Country Road college understudies are ordinarily lashed for discretionary cashflow, along these lines may battle to buy the pack, particularly on the off chance that they are jobless. Pattern based (Social) For ages there have been periods of various patterns surfacing the market, which make a social requirement for specific items/administrations. For Country Road the social pattern it offers isn't really the most well known however there are diverse social gatherings which may ‘love and cherish’ the item and brand, while there might be other people who ‘despise’ the item and brand. In this way not permitting full presentation and making struggle in inclination through various social gatherings. Wellbeing (Physical) Almost every individual has an inclination in the kind of pack which suits them most. The Country Road packs are shoulder sacks which to some perhaps agreeable to, while others may differ and cause them torment and uneasiness. This along these lines drives them away from Country Road sacks for a wellbeing cognizant explanation. Significant and Unique Benefit Claims The significant and exceptional advantage guarantees underneath are the key selling focuses which represent the moment of truth the offer of our packs. For Country Road sacks the accompanying 5 focuses are our selling focuses; Price Financially the item is entirely moderate in correlation with the other serious packs Trend based Currently taken care of market with no crusades, this Country Road despite everything holds an exceptionally high social positioning which is regarded by numerous social gatherings, hence considering this item at present extremely famous and stylish Functionality As a pack, this Country Road sack stores every day by day need. Anything from course readings, workstations, work regalia, exercise center/sport needs and so on. It is extremely roomy however with a look that makes the sack look thin as opposed to cumbersome and loose. Solidness Made from very wear safe material this pack can with stand long stretches of utilization before an acquisition of the following sack in your life. Configuration Features Country Road packs not at all like some other brands have well more than 30 distinct structures to look over, to coordinate your character or only for any event. It fluctuates in examples and hues which may not be accessible by some other brand on the present market. Client Motivations Generally a pack is considered as an item which is utilized day by day as a need, Country Road will utilize this demeanor based battle to advance the ‘wants’ of the objective market. As an organization we wish to make client inspiration through the accompanying 3 instructive inspirations, which incorporate; Problem Removal Country Road sacks will make an answer for conveying every one of your assets in a single pack, instead of conveying numerous sacks or by hand, at long last sparing you time and keeping you sorted out any place you go (the usefulness of the sack) Problem Avoidance The equivalent applies to evading the issue as expelling it. By buying the Country Road pack it will spare time and keep you sorted out anyplace, at whenever (the usefulness of the sack) Social Approval As clarified before the social remaining of Country Road packs are exceptionally complimented by a great deal of famous social gatherings, and it might be bought absolutely to intrigue peers instead of the real usefulness of the sack. Head Competition/Competitive Offers There are many immediate and aberrant contenders which Country Road sacks experience. Direct Competitors These contenders are the ones who contend in a similar market as our own, and offer numerous likenesses in segments, for example, target market and some bjectives. These brands incorporate; * Esprit * Sports sack brands (Nike, Adidas and so on ) Indirect Competitors These contenders are the ones who don't straightforwardly rival Country Road, yet give packs which can likewise be multipurpose. This incorporates; * Plastic packs * Woolworths/Coles and other general store marked sacks * Hand packs Current and Desired Perceptions Currently the market is overwhelmed with contenders and patterns. With this information the present view of this item is certain and can be regarded in vogue to the wide range of teenager’s directly through to the ahead of schedule to mid 20’s. Predominately the objective market Country Road is focusing on, undergrad college understudy who are more youthful in starting point (Not so much develop age understudies; explicitly to slant the market somewhat). For this populace of the objective market their wants may contrast partially starting with one individual then onto the next, however the general picture is that it is for a social explanation. Implying that, they want to make a picture for themselves for students and companions who encompass them and judge them in regular daily existence. Inventive Strategies and Tactics The print notice created (see addendum An) is deliberately used to show client inspiration. It utilizes; * A facetious inquiry which is posed to experience the regular uni life in addition to additional, which underscores the difficult which might be looked in keeping every one of your assets in a single spot * Colorful pictures which draw in the eye for the things which might be pivotal to have in your pack each day, to carry on with your bustling life * The arrangement is given in the base right hand corner with an end sentence and an image of the sack to close the commercial, and accomplishing a through and through look of the promotion. This along these lines implies there is acceptable introduction of the advert because of the arrangement being given at the base right of advert (because of how individuals read; left to right, through and through) Overall this advert was created to make the conspicuous inspiration of usefulness and client inspiration. The Customer Promise At Country Road we might want to guarantee the accompanying guarantees; * To furnish the client with a sack which is reasonable, popular and useful all in 1 * Give a chance to coordinate a structure which suits you most and fittingly while holding a good picture to your companions * Save the client time, stress and tension by keep every one of your things securely in one area, so you can continue

The impact of changes in political leadership on the foreign policies Essay

The effect of changes in political administration on the international strategies of the People's Republic of China - Essay Example This examination will start with the explanation that China is one of the most quickly creating nations on the planet. Numerous individuals accept that China may turn into a superpower in not so distant future itself and the incomparability of America in worldwide political and monetary issues will be finished in the blink of an eye. Despite the fact that socialism is winning in China throughout the previous scarcely any decades, it doesn’t imply that China’s inside and outside approaches experienced no changes. A portion of the socialist chiefs in the past were resolved in actualizing socialist arrangements though current political administrations is by all accounts receiving progressively liberal methodologies in executing socialist approaches in China. Deng Xiao Ping is considered as the dad of present day China. Despite the fact that Mao was one of the most magnetic pioneers of China, his monetary and political arrangements were carefully in accordance with socialis t standards. He never attempted to weaken socialist standards in any event, for the advancement of China. In any case, the initiative followed by Mao was not really, particularly Deng Xiao Ping. Deng prevailing with regards to putting solid bases to China’s financial development without giving up a large number of the socialist standards. The pioneers prevailing by Deng were likewise followed a similar way of Deng and at present China is one of the most prosperous nations on the planet. Deciphering China’s international strategy is a significant key to comprehend the tides of worldwide issues in 1990’s, not just in light of the fact that China, with the world’s biggest populace employs segment and monetary clouts, yet in addition it ostensibly the most unique nation in the second 50% of twentieth century. (Zhao, 1996, p.4). As a key player in worldwide monetary and political range at present, China’s international strategies are concentrated with i nterest by political investigators. This paper investigations the effect of changes in political authority on the international strategies of the People's Republic of China. Political administration and China’s international strategies Sun Yat Sen period Sun Yat Sen is regularly alluded as the dad of China. He accepted force following the obliteration of Qing tradition, however compelled to leave in 1912 in view of his disparities with the Nationalist party and the legislature. Be that as it may, he was fruitful accepting force again in 1923. He was a visionary chief who buckled down for China’s monetary advancement. â€Å"Sun summed up his strategies in the Three Principles of the People- - patriotism, popular government, and socialism† (Chinese Cultural Studies). He was an extraordinary admirer of Soviet Union and was sharp in keeping more grounded ties with Soviet Union. He made a decent attempt to embed a Soviet model of monetary development in China. He was a liberal chief and was very little determined in executing socialist standards. Truth be told he had regard towards vote based system. After the passing of Sun Yat Sen in 1925, Chiang Kai Shek accepted force and proceeded with the great work of Sun Yat Sen. Chiang Kai Shek Era Chiang Kai Shek was the pioneer of China till the Chinese Cultural Revolution in 1949.he was effective in getting China far from the two World Wars. He was sharp in keeping great relations with Western nations, for example, America and Britain. He was a solid pundit of socialism and did everything conceivable to dodge the development of socialism in Chinese soil. Be that as it may, October upheaval in 1949, constrained Chiang Kai Shek to acknowledge thrashing and hand over the ability to socialist pioneer Mao Zedong. Mao period Even however, Mao was answerable for the Cultural Revolution in China, his commitments to China’s monetary advancement were restricted. He was a pioneer who carefully followed socialist standards in all inward and outer issues. â€Å"Mao followed a forceful international strategy towards China’s neighboring countries† (Hongyi, 2010, p.17). It ought to be noticed that China assaulted India during Mao time. At dawn on October 20, 1962, China's People's Liberation Army attacked India with overpowering power on two separate flanks - in the west in Ladakh, and in the east over the McMahon Line in the then North-East Frontier Agency. The

Freshmen Presentation essays

Green beans Presentation expositions Self Discovery is vital to fellowship. Knowing what your identity is and what is critical to you makes bonds and recognizes limits. I'm not catching it's meaning to get yourself? There are things inside every one of us that make us one of a kind, our abilities, however those blessings, characteristics that make us what our identity is. They are the fortunes God has favored us with and it is individuals, places, occasions that help draw out these fortunes in us. Self Discovery is vital to kinship, presently that is a proverb that I totally overlooked the second I went to my new school back in my nation. I simply graduated 6th grade and Im entering seventh when I understood that I need to move schools. I was crushed and frightened. The principal day of school passed by quite ordinary, until the time had come to have lunch. Being another young lady, I dont have companions to sit with so I wound up not eating by any stretch of the imagination. I viewed the exercises inside the cafeteria from a far distance and what I saw terrified me. There were gatherings of individuals and a large portion of them are sitting with one another. Like the standard, there were the cool gathering, the nerds, the virtuosos, the punks, and numerous different gatherings. At that point there were the individuals who are not part of a gathering. I watched the individuals who arent part of any gathering and understood that their life must be hopeless sitting alone in a t able with nobody however a book. I was frightened to resemble them. I urgently need to have a place with a gathering, any gathering. Since I was reluctant to be called weird and not be acknowledged, I attempted to resemble the remainder of them. I totally destroyed the qualities that my folks gave me and I walked out on the things that I used to appreciate that are not viewed as cool. I began spending time with the group and I began getting popular. I was so upbeat. Much to my dismay, that that joy could end in that spot and afterward in light of the fact that it wasnt what I am, it ... <!

Introducing MindMeister Presentation Mode - Focus

Introducing MindMeister Presentation Mode - Focus Mind maps are a great format to present information to others  because they display hierarchies and connections and let you see the bigger picture. But sometimes, a mind map becomes too big and too complex to effectively use it as a presentation tool. Thats why weve added an amazing new feature to MindMeister that lets you turn your mind maps into slideshows, with each slide focusing on only a few individual topics at a time. Heres How it Works: Open the mind map editor and create  your  mind map. Adding  colors, icons, images and videos  to your topics is a great way to make the presentation more engaging. Click on the presentation button in the left corner of the map footer to start presentation mode. Click on the + icon to create your first slide and automatically select the root topic or Hold CMD / CRTL while click dragging on the canvas of your map to create a slide. You can easily  reposition and resize the slide to cover one or multiple topics. You can choose from a number of transitions. Simply select a slide and open the transitions menu in the right-hand corner of the presentation footer. When youre finished creating slides, click on the  Start Slideshow  button to view your presentation. If your mind map is shared, you can live broadcast your presentation to your collaborators right inside MindMeister. Take a look at this video  tutorial  for a short step-by-step guide, or check out our help article for some more information. By the way, you can also play your presentations on your iPhone, iPad or your Android device, using one of our native mobile apps. Plan. Collaborate. Present. Sign up for MindMeister Its free! Sign up for MindMeister

An Application of Calculus Finding Optimal Road Networks

Suppose that we have many towns spread across the country and we are trying to connect them with a network of roads. If we would like to do so by laying as little road as possible, how do we do it? In this blog post, we will use Calculus to tackle a special case of this optimization problem. The Case of Four Towns Arranged in a Square Let us suppose that we have four towns arranged so that they form the four vertices of a square. Our task is then to connect them by the shortest network of roads possible so that each town is still connected to each other town. To make our problem more concrete, let us label our four towns A, B, C, and D, and assume that they are at the vertices of a square with side length 1 each. Our first guess for such a road network might be to just join the four towns by a road network consisting of the four edges of the square. Four edges at length 1 each gives a network of total length 4. We then quickly notice that one of our roads is superfluous. If we remove any one of our four roads, we get a road system of length 3 that still connects our four cities. We might assume that we are done now, but a little thinking outside of the box can get us a more efficient road system. The key insight here is that we could add extra junctions that aren’t cities. For example, something like this: Reasoning Our Way to the Ideal Configuration of Roads It turns out that a similar pattern of roads will be the most efficient way of connecting our four cities. To see why, we could imagine that we had an optimal configuration of roads. Clearly, this set of roads should never venture outside of our original square as that would be suboptimal. There must be a path connecting city A to city C, and a path connecting city B to city D. These paths must cross each other at least once but may do so many times. Let us call the first time that they cross point P and the last time that they cross point Q. Then, our network must have just consisted of the straight segments AP, BP, PQ, QC, and QD, as any other such network would have been longer. We can also convince ourselves that an optimal road system should be vertically and horizontally symmetric, so our optimal network of roads must look something like this. Most Efficient Road System Using Calculus We suppose that the amount of inset of the center joining road from each side of the square is x. Then, our goal is to find the x that minimizes the total length of the road. As with most calculus minimization functions, our process has three steps: Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Voila! We have successfully used calculus to build the most efficient road network connecting our four towns. Mathematics – from high school math to graduate school math – is one of our most frequently requested subjects. Teaching math is notoriously difficult and we maintain a staff of mathematicians who are committed to the art of teaching. There is no course or standardized test that we do not have extensive experience teaching. We work with students who loathe math and students who love it, students who haven’t done math in a decade and students who work on mathematical problems every day. Many of our students work with tutors, like Jane, to address courses or exams – such as Geometry, Linear Algebra, Differential Equations – but we also work with students looking to explore more advanced or unconventional topics (like the mathematics of poker, or algrabraic topology, for example). ; Check out some of our previous blog posts related to the study of mathematics below! The Key to Mastering Mathematics? Quit Memorizing. How To Multiply Matrices Quickly and Correctly in Six Easy Steps How to Study for a Math Test: 4 Essential Tips

History of Computer Printers

The history of computer printers began in 1938 when  Seattle inventor Chester Carlson (1906–1968)  invented a dry printing process called electrophotography—commonly called a Xerox— which was to be the foundation technology for decades of laser printers to come. Technology In 1953, the first high-speed printer was developed by Remington-Rand for use on the  Univac  computer.  The original laser printer called EARS was developed at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center beginning in 1969 and completed in November  1971. Xerox Engineer Gary Starkweather (born 1938) adapted Carlsons Xerox copier technology, adding a laser beam to it to come up with the laser printer. According to the Xerox Corporation, The Xerox 9700 Electronic Printing System, the first xerographic laser printer product, was released in 1977. The 9700, a direct descendant from the original PARC EARS printer which pioneered in laser scanning optics, character generation electronics, and page formatting software, was the first product on the market to be enabled by PARC research. Computing Printers According to IBM, the very first IBM 3800 was installed in the central accounting office at F. W. Woolworth’s North American data center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1976. The IBM 3800 Printing System was the industry’s first high-speed, laser printer. It was a laser printer that operated at speeds of more than 100 impressions-per-minute. It was the first printer to combine laser technology and electrophotography. In 1976, the inkjet printer was invented, but it took until 1988 for the inkjet to become a home consumer item with Hewlett-Packards release of the DeskJet inkjet printer, priced at a whopping $1000.  In 1992, Hewlett-Packard released the popular LaserJet 4, the first 600 by 600 dots per inch resolution laser printer.   The History of Printing Printing is, of course, far older than the computer. The earliest dated printed book known is the Diamond Sutra, printed in China in 868 CE. However, it is suspected that book printing may have occurred long before this date.   Before Johannes Gutenberg (ca 1400–1468), printing was limited in the number of editions made and nearly exclusively decorative, used for pictures and designs. The material to be printed was carved into wood, stone, and metal, rolled with ink or paint and transferred by pressure to parchment or vellum.  Books were hand copied mostly by members of religious orders. Gutenberg  was a German craftsman and inventor, and he is best known for the Gutenberg press, an innovative printing press machine that used movable type. It remained the standard until the 20th century. Gutenberg made printing cheap. Linotypes and Typesetters German born Ottmar Mergenthalers (1854–1899) invention of the linotype composing the machine  in 1886 is regarded as the greatest advance in printing since Gutenbergs development of movable type 400 years earlier, allowing people to quickly set and breakdown an entire line of text at once. In 1907, Samuel Simon of Manchester England was awarded a patent for the process of using silk fabric as a printing screen. Using materials other than silk for screen printing has a long history that begins with the ancient art of stenciling used by the Egyptians and Greeks as early as 2500 B.C. Walter W. Morey of East Orange, New Jersey, conceived the idea of a teletypesetter, a device for setting type by  telegraph using coded paper tape. He demonstrated his invention in 1928, and Frank E. Gannett (1876–1957) of Gannett newspapers supported the process and aided in the development. The earliest phototypesetting machine was patented in 1925 by the Massachusetts inventor R. J. Smothers. In the early 1940s, Louis Marius Moyroud (1914–2010) and Rene Alphonse Higonnet (1902–1983) developed the first practical phototypesetting  machine. Their phototypesetter used a strobe light and a series of optics to project characters from a spinning disk onto photographic paper. Sources and Further Reading Consuegra, David. Classic Typefaces: American Type and Type Designers. New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2011.  Lorraine, Ferguson, and Scott Douglass. A Time Line of American Typography. Design Quarterly148 (1990): 23–54. Ngeow, Evelyn, ed. Inventors and Inventions, Volume 1. New York: Marshall Cavendish, 2008.

Emotional Intelligence, Emotion And Social Work - 1927 Words

Emotional Intelligence: Relevance to Social Work Introduction In the article â€Å"Emotional intelligence, emotion and social work†, the author Morrison (2007), stated emotional intelligence (EI) is â€Å"the missing ingredient that separate the average from top management or performance† (p1). Demonstrating a level of emotional competence in social work will a help a social worker to perform at a higher success level in the quality work they do or in the information they collect from someone who is seeking help than a social worker who lacks emotional competence. They have the â€Å"ability to make a positive impact above and beyond their competent colleagues† (Morrison, p3). As cited by Morrison (2007), Salovey and Mayer (1990) was first to come with†¦show more content†¦Morrison (2007) believed that it is important for social workers to exhibit emotional intelligence because it sets them apart from others that lacks the trait; displaying a â€Å"level of unconscious competence, expertise and effortlessnessâ₠¬  (p3). He talked about four different domains that the EI model measures. According to the article, there are two interpersonal and two intrapersonal domains. The interpersonal domain gives a measure of self-awareness and self-management skills, while the intra-personal domain measures empathy and relationship skills (Morrison, p7). It is great for social workers to be in-tune with their own emotions and learn how to cope with their lives in order to make a difference in a client’s life. Morrison (2007) also stated that having an â€Å"understanding and handling one’s own and other’s emotions is a critical aspect at every stage of the social work task: engagement, assessment, observation, decision making, planning and intervention† (p15). The second article, â€Å"Impact of a College Freshman Social and Emotional Learning Curriculum on Student Learning Outcomes† was a study constructed by various widener professors, Wang et al. (2007), investigating â€Å"the impact of implementing a social and emotional learning curriculum for college freshman on student learning outcomes, including social and emotional competence and academic performance† (p1). Based on the findings of Wang et al. (2012), they concluded that

Settlement Patterns - Studying Societys Evolution

In the scientific field of archaeology, the term settlement pattern refers to the evidence within a given region of the physical remnants of communities and networks. That evidence is used to interpret the way interdependent local groups of people interacted in the past. People have lived and interacted together for a very long time, and settlement patterns have been identified dating back to as long as humans have been on our planet. Settlement pattern as a concept was developed by social geographers in the late 19th century. The term referred then to how people live across a given landscape, in particular, what resources (water, arable land, transportation networks) they chose to live by and how they connected with one another: and the term is still a current study in geography of all flavors. Anthropological Underpinnings According to archaeologist Jeffrey Parsons, settlement patterns in anthropology began with the late 19th-century work of anthropologist Lewis Henry Morgan who was interested in how modern Pueblo societies were organized. Julian Steward published his first work on aboriginal social organization in the American southwest in the 1930s: but the idea was first extensively used by archaeologists Phillip Phillips, James A. Ford and James B. Griffin in the Mississippi Valley of the United States during World War II, and by Gordon Willey in the Viru Valley of Peru in the first decades after the war. What led to that was the implementation of regional surface survey, also called pedestrian survey, archaeological studies not focused on a single site, but rather on an extensive area. Being able to systematically identify all the sites within a given region means archaeologists can look at not just how people lived at any one time, but rather how that pattern changed through time. Conducting regional survey means you can investigate the evolution of communities, and thats what archaeological settlement pattern studies do today. Patterns Versus Systems Archaeologists refer to both settlement pattern studies and settlement system studies, sometimes interchangeably. If there is a difference, and you could argue about that, it might be that pattern studies look at the observable distribution of sites, while system studies look at how the people living at those sites interacted: modern archaeology cant really do one with the other, but if youd like to follow through, see the discussion in Drennan 2008 for more information about the historical differentiation. History of Settlement Pattern Studies Settlement pattern studies were first conducted using regional survey, in which archaeologists systematically walked over hectares and hectares of land, typically within a given river valley. But the analysis only truly became feasible after remote sensing was developed, beginning with photographic methods such as those used by Pierre Paris at Oc Eo but now, of course, using satellite imagery. Modern settlement pattern studies combine with satellite imagery, background research, surface survey, sampling, testing, artifact analysis, radiocarbon and other dating techniques. And, as you might imagine, after decades of research and advances in technology, one of the challenges of settlement patterns studies has a very modern ring to it: big data. Now that GPS units and artifact and environmental analysis are all intertwined, how to do you analyze the huge amounts of data that are collected? By the end of the 1950s, regional studies had been performed in Mexico, the United States, Europe, and Mesopotamia; but they have since expanded throughout the world. Sources Balkansky AK. 2008. Settlement pattern analysis. In: Pearsall DM, editor. Encyclopedia of Archaeology. New York: Academic Press. p 1978-1980. doi: 10.1016/B978-012373962-9.00293-4 Drennan RD. 2008. Settlement system analysis. In: Pearsall DM, editor. Encyclopedia of Archaeology. New York: Academic Press. p 1980-1982. 10.1016/B978-012373962-9.00280-6 Kowalewski SA. 2008. Regional Settlement Pattern Studies. Journal of Archaeological Research 16:225–285. Parsons JR. 1972. Archaeological settlement patterns. Annual Review of Anthropology 1:127-150.

The Role Of Buddhism And Its Arts - 1304 Words

Gandhara from India were the artist of the Buddha sculpture titled as Teaching Buddha which represents the second miracle of Srasvasti wherein the Buddha performed his superiority over kasyapas. This piece of sculpture was made in second or third century as a seated Buddha on an inverted lotus throne supported by two elephants and a lion. This sculpture’s present location is at The UC Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive (BAMPFA) in Berkeley California. The sculpture is placed on the table which looks more or less damaged and also looks old. The sculpture looks traditional as it is based on the Buddhism religion. The art and sculpture of Buddha are varied according to the time and place, but the art by Gandhara remained same all†¦show more content†¦He gave up all the pleasures of his life and went to the yogic meditation beneath a Bodhi tree and after so long he achieved enlightenment. Finally, he was named as Buddha and the meaning is good thought, good inte nsions and peace. Gandhara is a Hindu name of ancient land in India, spoken of by Herodotus (BK VII C 6S and 66) as the land of Gandarioi. Gautama Buddha died one hundred and fifty years ago and from 263 BC to 221 BC, Asoka accepted the Buddhist faith. In the art, they did not use geometrical design but preferred to fill his space with elephant and lion also lotus and nude human beings which is perfectly done. This sculpture art style was influenced by original wood carving that came before the work in the stone. The human and animal figures are simply represented as an object on which masses of ornaments could be hung and they used to lack in the knowledge of anatomy and also low in their modelling. The two most important reliefs owned by the museum of fine arts and bulletin represents the temptation and victory of Buddha under Bodi tree and second his death or achievement of final Nirvana. Buddha is represented as of much greater size than the surrounding figures. The figures are set in an architect ure framing. Buddha’s faith is so pure and noble, beginning as a philosophy rather than a religion could not at first reached the hearts of people, but reached everywhere with the incorporationShow MoreRelatedThe Chaos and Division of Asias History Essay1324 Words   |  6 Pagesdivisive than uniting when individual countries considered their religions as different. Religious harmonization of Buddhism and Daoism was important to ending the wars that emerged from the struggle for influence between kingdoms (The Golden Age of China: 80). The main reason for religion causing division in Asia’s history was because of competition between two main religions, Buddhism and Daoism. Asia’s history did not have divisions that lasted forever. Certain historical events, especially the emergenceRead MoreThe Influence of Buddhism in Chinese Martial Arts Essay777 Words   |  4 PagesGutowski 1 BrandonGutowski Carrie Morris Narration of Asia 30 January 2012 The Influence of Buddhism In Chinese Martial Arts Since first introduced During the Han Dynasty, Buddhism has played a major role in Chinese art and culture. This is especially true in the traditions that surround the art of Shaolin Kung-Fu, and their strong belief in Chan (Zen) Buddhism. Kung-Fu was Influenced by the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama and focuses heavily on the belief that enlightenment is attained throughRead MoreEssay on Religions and Japanese Culture597 Words   |  3 PagesReligions and Japanese Culture Many religions are popular within the Japanese culture. Two of the most influential religions, Shinto and Buddhism that help shaped a lot of Japanese values are Shinto and Buddhism, played a large role in shaping Japanese values. 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Essay on Open Source Software Free Essays

string(275) " cost are essential factors in software development and they can be exploited by using of OSS which reduces the number of programmers employer has to pay himself, provides a ready tested code from other projects and thus reduces the time it takes to build, test and develop\." Introduction: The concept of open source affects many fields of study from computer software and hardware to architecture, health, science, robotics and even politics. Linus Torvalds predicted this proliferation of source openness when he said: â€Å"the future is open source everything†. But another founder of open source movement, Eric Raymond, refused the using of this concept about applications outside software (Wikipedia, 2009). We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on Open Source Software or any similar topic only for you Order Now Free/open source software (F/OSS) is accessible software where end source code is available for the user. It is not limited to software as applicable ones, it exceeds to allow beneficial to read, modify and recreate the source code (V. Hippel, V. Krogh, 2003). So F/OSS is usually provides users with source code and information needed to apply their changes on them. The ability to run the program as the user wishes is one of the essential freedoms which Richard Stallman, the founder of free software and defender of open source, was confirmed in an interview. These freedoms are: the freedom to study how these software works, the freedom to change it according to project’s requirements, the freedom to redistribute it and the freedom to distribute your modified copy to others (Reilly 2008). In Raymond opinion â€Å"good programmers know how to write, great ones know what to rewrite†, and he illustrated that it is almost easier to use an already existing solution to start with than to start from nothing at all. But this involves developer in difficult-to-be-solved problems if choice is not suitable. Linux operating system was not written from scratch where Linus Torvalds started by studying ideas from Minix â€Å"a tiny Unix-like OS† and then reused it according to project’s purposes (Raymond, 1999) Beginnings: It was a big surprise for those who used to pay for software to be told that groups of volunteers create high quality software and produce it to the community for free. The idea of FOSS began in 1960s. In this decade commercial software was not available and researchers were in need to share software code. As a result, they started to share source code in a limited framework. â€Å"Open sharing of software code was a common practice in the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory in the early 1960s and in similar laboratories such as Stanford and Carnegie Mellon† (Moon Sproull 2002). After that developers and users gave the idea more attention. Consequently, foundations of free software have been established in 1980s when Stallman called for free software and claimed that software should be common. In an interview, Stallman confirmed that computer users could not use the proprietary software come with most computers in the 1980s. So, such software keeps users â€Å"divided and helpless†. Stallman was dissatisfied with that situation and he started the free software movement in 1993 when he wrote the GNU open source operating system (M. Reilly, 2008). The general public license of GNU operating system allows users receive all their rights in essential freedoms mentioned above. In 2005 the idea achieved its goals in software filed and became more trusted by users and developers (Raymond 1999). Wikipedia is a known example of F/OSS. It is a free encyclopedia started in the beginnings of 2001 by means of highly qualified contributors. It provides 19 free encyclopedias in 19 different languages and its content has been created by user contributions. Many other examples like Apache web server, BIND name server and Linux operating system kernel are free for any user to use, amend and share. Motivations: The motivations of Stallman to produce free software are his strong belief in freedom, particularly â€Å"the freedom for individuals to cooperate† (2003). But what are the incentives other developers have to become contributors in open source projectsIn other words, why do programmers volunteer their time and experience without any financial returns to create free software? Raymond is one of the first GNU contributors, a developer of many net open source software and a significant participant in Linux operating system development. He indicated that Linux project was going from â€Å"strength to strength† and the reason was the â€Å"bazaar† model of the Linux development style in which all contributors worked hard as at individual projects. He added that the democratic atmosphere in bazaar model motivated him and his partners to work hard regardless of financial returns (Raymond 1999). The Linux creator, Linus Trovalds, says: â€Å"I am basically a very lazy person who likes to get credit for things other people actually do† (Raymond 1999). Torvalds , as he stated in his book ‘Just For Fun’, has an early interest in computing, he does not seem to take himself too seriously, he is a lucky guy who can provide a career for himself, and he finds a lot of fun when he writes software code. It is surprising that hackers are also a significant motivating factor; they lead developers to impress their peers, gain a better reputation and raise their ranks in society (Zaleski et al. 2001). Wikipedia showed, in a study made up by Wikipedia administrators, that the reason for their participants to be a part in such free work is the desire to create a benefit thing that helps others and meets their requirements (Wikipedia 2010). While the basic motivations for corporation in learners open source community are learning specific topics, learning how to be future learners and projects creating. Advantages: Software is characterized by many factors: Its cost, where the lower price is more preferred and thus free is the most. Voluntary work, where volunteers are motivated towards the project and they are interested in, which means that they do their best. Continuously tested by all participant and users, hence it is almost free of bugs and errors. These factors refer that open source software is likely to be the best solution for any project if needed features are provided. Besides, developers have created it according to own needs which means that it is in a high level of quality and efficiency. F/OSS has many advantages related to development cost and time, bug correction and independency. Time and cost are essential factors in software development and they can be exploited by using of OSS which reduces the number of programmers employer has to pay himself, provides a ready tested code from other projects and thus reduces the time it takes to build, test and develop. You read "Essay on Open Source Software" in category "Essay examples" Besides that creating software by many developers, each has revised and corrected its errors and each has a different background, leads to less bugs and faster detection and correction. Linus’ law refers to this idea ‘Given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow’ (Answers.com, 2009). Openness of source code provides communication paths and interactive communities. F/OSS community in schools consists of researchers, learners and teachers; each listens to others and respects their opinions. It is expected in this style of community to switch roles among its members, where students may be assigned particular roles to take on for the studied project. So they can share their ideas in all project’s aspects. On the other hand, sense of control is uncommon in most classrooms, so one of learner’s community’s advantages is to prepare students for future life by involving them in the experiment of leadership (H. Baytiyeh, J. Pfaffman, 2010). Another advantage for open source software, which Zaleski stated in his article, that open source innovation was the reason for Linux operating system to move quickly from being an ambiguous operating system used by programmers and hackers to an essential operating system in business area (2001). On the other hand, open source technology resolved the problem of knowledge transfer in developing countries. Direct import of software not only costs these countries high amounts of money, but also puts them in complex troubles where they do not know how to develop this software to meet the local needs (Alkhatib 2008). Why do some organizations still buy commercial software instead of using free ones? The voluntary of open source projects and the relative lake of financial support make them far from marketing and advertising. This means that many organizations have not been informed that free solutions relevant to their needs are available freely. This â€Å"knowledge gap† cause many other barriers. Some managers do not know how to implement and use open source applications and they may be unaware of the range of services provided with such applications like support services and consultations. To cover this knowledge gap, an â€Å"up to date† archive of open source applications is available in SourceForge.net website. This website consists of more than 131,000 open source applications with their latest software updates where the accessibility is allowed for any organization to find suitable free software according to its requirements. Further, assistance with the technical issues of open source applications implementation is available by many open source consultants like IBM, Red Hat, and Open Sky Consulting. Forking is another reason for not using F/OSS. The independency between open source software developers groups leads to different versions of same software. Although these versions started with the same source code, they are not able to interoperate because these groups create their own versions without coordination. This phenomenon is called â€Å"forking† and it is the responsible for open source software fragmenting. As a result, the open source BSD-Unix community was divided into three portions in early 1990s, and Emacs text editor and NCSA web server are other examples where both forked into two divisions in 1992 and 2995 respectively. In Nagy’s opinion, forking is dangerous because it causes inherited fragmentation for both of the original software adopters and marketing of relative applications. Many versions of one software leads adopters to choose one to support, consequently, software will not gain the critical mass of adopters it aims to do. On the other hand, venders will be put in a point of choosing to support one of forked versions or all of them in their own applications. In this case, some adopters and vendors decide to wait for a standard version or to stall their adoption and supporting (NAGY et al. 2010). Conclusion: No one can predict the future of software, but developers can expect that open source software will be stronger and gain increased faith from traditional software industry. Historically, one can recognize the discontinuities appeared between IBM System in the 1960s, first PC in the end of 1970s and the open source movement in the 1990s. So it is expected that this technology gap will take place in the next 10-15 years for a new software innovation (Campbell-Kelly 2008) Green IT Introduction: IT has brought many significant solutions for environmental sustainability, but at the same time, it caused a lot of problems especially in data centers where energy is consumed enormously (Murugesan 2010) Hopper, a professor of computer technology at the University of Cambridge and head of its Computer Laboratory, claimed that â€Å"the system we now employ is hugely wasteful† and he proposed to create new systems which are more efficient, less expensive and help in reducing energy consumptions; because he believed that moving data is cheaper than energy (Kurp 2008) Computers impact environment from the first stage of producing to the last stage of disposal. Moreover, increased consumption of energy leads to more greenhouse gas emissions because the main source of energy is coil, oil or gas burning (Murugesan 2010) Since environmental problems come from each stage of computer’s life, green IT must covers all of these areas, from designing to manufacturing and use end with disposal. In the article Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices, San Murugesan defines green computing as â€Å"the study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated subsystems -such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems- efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment.† (Murugesan 2008) Suggested solutions: Dell and Hewlett-Packard are two computer manufacturers. They decided to solve the problem by retooling their products. On the other hand, the solution from the standpoint of David Wang, the data center architect for Teradata, is not to replace all old computers by others which are more environments friendly. He confirmed that attention must be drawn to increasing power consumption as well as to heat removal in data centers (Kurp 2008). Murugesan has illustrated areas and activities which are involved in green IT solutions as the following: – Environmental friendly designing; – Energy-efficient computing; – Power management; – Location and architecture of data centers; – Server virtualization which has been explained before; – Responsible disposal and recycling; – Regulatory compliance; – Green metrics, assessment tools and methodology; – Environment-related risk reducing; – Use of renewable energy sources; and – Eco-labeling of IT products (2008). Other solutions have been produced by Hasbrouck and Woodruff. They suggested two strategies for green computing: Reduce computing technology’s contribution to the problem by producing energy-efficient computers, take reusability into account during computers’ designing, use less materials and work toward computers’ and related systems’ recycling. Moreover, they indicated that truing off inactive computers, using energy-efficient devices and reduction of emissions emitted from computers’ manufacturing are significant parts of this strategy. Give computing a role in resolving the issue by creating green applications which enable design green objects and green processes such as design green buildings, invent source of renewable energy and design fuel-efficient aircraft (2008). Most efforts in green IT are directed towards the first strategy to solve environmental problems which have increased along with computers’ using increase. As a result of these problems caused by computers, many associations are turning to green computing to save money and reduce waste. To do so, Dick Sullivan listed five major trends: Virtualization in all forms especially for servers, storage and network environments. In other words, transform entire machines into software-based entities. For instance, a room with five servers can be replaced by an efficient server provided with high performance software. Utilize the cloud computing where no need to have own data centers, own big servers or storage systems. Many organizations need only a small amount of proprietary equipment and functionality. In this case, they can basically purchase what they need from someone else who will be responsible for the security, power and maintenance. Sullivan confirmed that â€Å"a huge amount of data is basically an exact duplicate of other data†, so converting to intelligent compression or single instance storage can eliminate this waste and cut the total data storage needed. Solid-state disk (SSD) has no moving parts and is not magnetic, so it is a stronger, safer and faster way to store and access data. Everyone can make impact and be a part of green computing project when s/he has more awareness of her/his direct and indirect daily computing habits. Employees, for example, can support green computing if they use to turn off computers not in use, banning screen savers and shorten the turn-off times when computers are inactive. On the other hand, printing waste a lot of papers, so managing this daily process by printing only as needed and adopting double sided printing will make a significant impact (Clarke 2009) Many efforts have been made to support the idea of green IT. Climate Savers Computing Initiative (CSCI) is one of these efforts. It seeks to reduce electric power consumption of PCs and it has established a catalogue of green products from organizations involved with, in addition to helpful information about reducing PC energy consumption. This initiative is a group of consumers, businesses and conservation organizations formed in 2007, it has gained brilliant results where 50 percent of energy consumed by computers was economized by 2010, and it was able to reduce global CO2 emissions from the operation of computers by 54 million tons a year (Wikipedia 2010). Motivations: To enforce computer users to subject to green IT solutions and apply them on their daily routines, government can face them with more green taxis and rules. But it is better, in my opinion, to raise people awareness toward the danger that threatens the Earth if they continue using traditional computers in traditional methods, and to teach them the benefits of green IT. Applying green IT issues in all affected areas offers individuals and organizations financial benefits where IT operations achieve better energy efficiency through green initiatives. In a survey made by Sun Microsystem Australia, 1500 responses have been collected from 758 different-size organizations. Almost of these responses illustrated that the main reasons for using green IT practices are reducing energy consumption and get lower costs. As a result, most companies started to prioritize environmental issues. Moreover, institutions and corporate ask their suppliers to take into account how to â€Å"green up† their products and manufacturing processes. Not only companies but also people began to adhere to environmentally friendly issues of IT (Murugesan 2008). Green IT approach: As it has mentioned above that environmental problems caused by computing should be addressed by a holistic approach which include solutions for all areas affected by using computers. This approach, as it has been explained by Murugesan, consists of four concepts: Green use that aims to reduce energy consumption and use computers in an environmentally friendly manner. Green disposal where computers, related system like printers and electronic equipments should be reused, refurbished or recycled. Green design where new computers, servers and cooling devices can be designed to be more energy efficient. Green manufacturing which aims to adopt the process of computers and sub-systems creating that minimize or get rid of its impact on the environment (2008) References: 2003. Richard Stallman: Freedom–His Passion Both For Work And In Life. Electronic Design, 51(23), 112. Answers.com, what are the advantages and disadvantages of open source software and why?, [Internet]. Available from: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_advantages_and_ disadvantages_of _open _source_software_and_why, [Accessed 30th November 2010] Campbell-Kelly, M., 2008. Historical Reflecions Will the Future of Software be Open SourceCommunications of the ACM, 51(10), 21-23. Clarke, K., 2009. Green computing trends you should know. Associations Now, 5(8), 19. Hasbrouck, J. Woodruff, A., 2008. Green Homeowners as Lead Adopters: Sustainable Living and Green Computing. Intel Technology Journal, 12(1), 39-48. Kurp, P., 2008. Green Computing. Communications of the ACM, 51(10), 11-13. Michael Bloch, Open source software in your online business -advantages/ disadvantages, 1999-2010 Moon, J.Y. Sproull, L., 2002. Essence of distributed work: The case of the Linux kernel. In P. Hinds S. Kiesler, eds. Distributed work. Cambridge, MA US: MIT Press, pp. 381-404. Murugesan. S., 2008, â€Å"Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices,† IEEE IT Professional, January–February 2008, pp 24-33. Murugesan, S., 2010. Making IT Green. IEEE Computer Society, Vol. 12, No. 2. NAGY, D., YASSIN, A.M. BHATTACHERJEE, A., 2010. Organizational Adoption of Open Source Software: Barriers and Remedies. Communications of the ACM, 53(3), 148-151. Raymond, E., 1999. The Cathedral and the Bazaar. Knowledge, Technology Policy, 12(3), 23. Reilly, M., 2008. Interview: Richard Stallman, one of the founders of â€Å"free software†. Vidyasagar Potdar and Elizabeth Chang (2004) Open source and closed source software development methodologies. Proc.of the 4th Workshop on Open Source Software Engineering, pages 105-109, Edinburgh, Scotland, May 25 2004. Wikipedia the free encyclopedia (2001) Open source [Internet]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source, [Accessed 4th November 2010] Zaleski, J. et al., 2001. JUST FOR FUN (Book Review). Publishers Weekly, 248(17), 60. How to cite Essay on Open Source Software, Essay examples

The world around me free essay sample

Inside this lonely room I am looking out the window, seeking the attention of this unresponsive world. I am really surprised of how Television can be so amusing. Sitting on the dining table, I looked out by surprise witnessing these young kids playing in the rain then thought to myself, I grew up too much. Playing soccer in the house is what I live for and always do. By myself dribbling the ball forward and backwards, there and back, its the most amazing way to kill time and to use your imagination to play. Drifting left and right, I found myself, screaming with pain because I Just hit the side of a wall with my pinky. I fell to the ground laughing and crying with pain. On the walls of my house are these special posters around describing who my family really meant and was about. As I looked up to the sunlight in the sky, I almost gone blind, but the clouds saved me covering the sun and hiding behind this cool abstract, looking everywhere for the moon. We will write a custom essay sample on The world around me or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I found myself searching really hard the at last I found it hiding behind the trees near my house. I thought to myself that IVe found two day stars, the sun and the moon, then I smiled. I witnessed the moon rising up from the horizon as day fell and night came. Looking at the moon, I desired to go up to the moon to be as free and the early bird in the sky. Then as day came I woke up looking at the outside the window. I saw the sun, shining its rays onto the crisp leaves of fall, making the leaves look more orange and attractive that it already was. Then again looking at the heavenly planets of the night, I was able to spot Saturn, I saw many stars, and wasnt able to recognized it so I promised myself that I would follow up on astronomy the following year. I continuously cant stop thinking about stars, so I follow the new on stars and how the U. S searches for any Methane/life forms on other nearby planets.

Theme And Character Jd Salinger Essay Research free essay sample

Subject And Fictional character: Jd Salinger Essay, Research Paper Subject and Fictional character Since the beginning of clip there have been one million millions of books written. From those books have come novels. From the novels have come chef-doeuvres. From the chef-doeuvres have come critically acclaimed rubrics. From those critically acclaimed rubrics have come classics. Classics represent the highest acknowledged criterion of authorship. The inventiveness of their literary elements is faultless. A authoritative will animate, machination, edify, and more significantly pull the reader into the universe of the writer. J. D. Salinger # 8217 ; s The Catcher In The Rye provides an confidant glance into his life at the clip of the narrative. The narrative portrays Holden Caulfield # 8217 ; s trip to New York for three yearss, entirely, at the age of 16. In kernel, Holden Caulfield is J. D. Salinger whose matchless illustrations of mirrored word picture provide this glimpse. The intent of this paper is to compare and measure literary unfavorable judgments refering to the subject and character of The Catcher In The Rye. We will write a custom essay sample on Theme And Character Jd Salinger Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Of the two literary elements open for unfavorable judgment, subject is the least discussed, but most clearly represented constituent. The critics agree on the individual implicit in subject found in The Catcher In The Rye. First, Mollie Sandock feels that the subject is Holden Caulfield # 8217 ; s coming to footings with his inability to salvage his sister from # 8221 ; # 8216 ; falling over the drop # 8217 ; into the grownup universe, so much of which disgusts him # 8221 ; ( Sandock 621 ) . A 2nd critic provinces that the subject of the novel is Holden # 8217 ; s coming to footings with his inability to salvage all of the kids from toppling over the border ( Gallic 515 ) . For this authoritative, minimum treatment was able to convey the lucidity of the subject for The Catcher In The Rye. The Catcher In The Rye certifies Sandock # 8217 ; s and French # 8217 ; s observations on the subject. Sandock and French are accurate in stating that the subject of the authoritative is Holden Caulfield # 8217 ; s coming to footings with being unable to salvage his sister, Phoebe, or all the kids, from # 8220 ; falling over the cliff. # 8221 ; The base of proof of the subject is, # 8220 ; When I was coming out of the can, right before I got to the door, I sort of passed out. I was lucky, though. I mean I could # 8217 ; ve killed myself when I hit the floor, but all I did was kind of land on my side, It was a amusing thing, though. I felt better after I passed out. I truly did # 8221 ; ( 204 ) . This was Holden # 8217 ; s autumn over the drop. He is evidently unable to catch himself and has now crossed over into the grownup universe. Further confirmation of Holden # 8217 ; s autumn follows when he encounters Phoebe after go forthing the bathroom. Phoebe requests permission to go west with him. With that, Holden grabs Phoebe hard and tells her to close up. In answer, Phoebe tells Holden to close up. An angered Phoebe so runs across the street, go forthing Holden entirely on the other side ( 206-208 ) . The street embodies the separation that has now formed between the kid, Phoebe, and the immature grownup, Holden. The last voucher of the subject is, # 8220 ; All the childs kept seeking to catch for the gold ring, and so was old Phoebe, and I was kind of afraid she # 8217 ; d fall off the goddam Equus caballus, but I didn # 8217 ; Ts say anything or make anything. The thing with childs is, if they want to catch for the gold ring, you have to allow them make it, and non state anything. If they fall off, they fall away, but it # 8217 ; s bad if you say anything to them # 8221 ; ( 211 ) . This is where Holden can be seen talking from a new position. He has become an grownup and now understands that childs must be allowed to hold certain experiences in order to larn. When Holden chooses non to forestall Phoebe from making for the gold ring he has, in consequence, relinquished his desire to be a backstop in the rye. For this ground, Holden # 8217 ; s coming to footings with his inability to salvage all the childs, or even Phoebe, is the subject supported by this authoritative. Fictional character is the major constituent of The Catcher In The Rye. In this instance the critics possess different point of views of Holden Caulfield. First, Thomas Taylor feels that Holden Caulfield # 8217 ; s relation of the narrative brings forth a feeling of him being the lone character nowadays in the novel. Outside facts about Caulfield # 8217 ; s being are non even one time every bit pressing as the complete vision exposed by the character # 8217 ; s personal thoughts about the # 8220 ; phony # 8221 ; planet on which he resides. The recognizable trait of acknowledging shams has earned the character a alone place in authorship ( 260 ) . Second, Sandock observes that Holden senses a # 8220 ; scathing, disking disgust # 8221 ; about the # 8220 ; hypocrites # 8221 ; who seem to do Holden experience that he is being suffocated by them. He is # 8220 ; disgusted with the deficiency of earnestness and the advertizement of hypocrites, hot shootings, dorks, assholes and id iots # 8221 ; less than he is disgusted with the # 8220 ; phoniness that is excellence corrupted # 8221 ; ( 620 ) . Last, Lundquist adds a concluding position of Holden Caulfield by stating, # 8220 ; The manner ( he ) sees the universe is stated in the novel # 8217 ; s most celebrated line, # 8216 ; If you had a million old ages to make it in, you couldn # 8217 ; t rub out even half the # 8220 ; *censored* you # 8221 ; marks in the universe # 8217 ; # 8221 ; ( 519 ) . Therefore it can be seen that Holden Caulfield # 8217 ; s character is the major constituent in The Catcher In The Rye. This authoritative supports Taylor # 8217 ; s, Sandock # 8217 ; s and Lundquists # 8217 ; s perspectives on Holden Caulfield # 8217 ; s character. Taylor # 8217 ; s observation that Holden P ossesses a alone ability to observe # 8220 ; hypocrites # 8221 ; is substantiated in The Catcher In The Rye. In this authoritative Holden Caulfield rapidly discovers that Pencey Prep, the private male child # 8217 ; s school he attends, is bogus. Pencey Prep claims that it molds the young person. However, Holden knows otherwise. # 8220 ; They don # 8217 ; t do any more damn casting at Pencey than they do at any other school, # 8221 ; remarks Caulfield after explicating Pencey # 8217 ; s magazine ads. Pencey # 8217 ; s advertizements featured a # 8220 ; hot-shot cat on a Equus caballus jumping over a fencing. Like as if all you of all time did a Pencey was play polo all the clip. I neer even one time saw a Equus caballus anyplace near the topographic point # 8221 ; ( 2 ) . Another illustration in support of Caulfield # 8217 ; s acknowledgment of # 8220 ; hypocrites # 8221 ; occurs when Holden is at a dark nine. The nine # 8217 ; s piano participant is adding hard forms to his music . Holden can feel that the piano participant has played for so long that the participant does non even cognize when he plays good. When the piano participant concluded his presentation he gave a # 8220 ; really hypocrite, low bow. Like as if he was a helluva low cat, besides being a terrific piano participant. It was really phony-I mean him being such a prig and all # 8221 ; ( 84 ) . Following, the authoritative confirms Sandock # 8217 ; s perspective that Holden feels he is being suffocated by # 8220 ; phonies. # 8221 ; Support for this observation occurs when Holden is on a day of the month with Sally. During his day of the month, a cat tries to steal Sally. # 8220 ; His name was George something-I Don # 8217 ; t even remember-and he went to Andover # 8230 ; .He was the sort of a hypocrite that have to give themselves room when they answer person # 8217 ; s inquiry # 8230 ; .The worst portion was, the dork had one of those really bogus, Ivy League voices, one of those re ally tired, clannish voices. He sounded merely like a miss. He didn # 8217 ; t hesitate to tusk in on my day of the month, the asshole # 8221 ; ( 127-128 ) . Overabundant support of Holden # 8217 ; s asphyxiation by hypocrites is demonstrated when he Tells Phoebe the ground he hates Pencey Prep. The rationalism that Holden gives is that there were so many hypocrites to populate with during the school twelvemonth it had been the worst school he had of all time attended. The # 8220 ; hypocrites # 8221 ; included both pupils and instructors ( 167-168 ) . Finally, The Catcher In The Rye supports Lundquist # 8217 ; s perspective that Holden Caulfield # 8217 ; s position of the universe is found in the authoritative # 8217 ; s most celebrated line, # 8220 ; If you had a million old ages to make it in, you couldn # 8217 ; t rub out even half the # 8216 ; *censored* you # 8217 ; marks in the universe # 8217 ; ( 202 ) . This statement clearly shows that in Holden # 8217 ; s view There is no placid and pleasant topographic point left in the universe. That # 8217 ; s The whole problem. You can # 8217 ; t happen a topographic point that # 8217 ; s nice and peaceable, because there isn # 8217 ; t any. You may believe there is, but one time you get at that place, when you # 8217 ; re non looking, person # 8217 ; ll mouse up and compose # 8220 ; Fuck you # 8221 ; right under your olfactory organ. Try it sometime. I think, even, if I of all time die, and they stick me in a graveyard, and I have a gravestone and all, it # 8217 ; ll say # 8220 ; Holden Caulfield # 8221 ; on it and so what twelvemonth I was born and what twelvemonth I died, and so right under that it # 8217 ; ll say # 8220 ; Fuck you. # 8221 ; I # 8217 ; m positive, in fact ( 204 ) This authoritative thoroughly, corroborates the point of views of Holden Caulfield, the character in The Catcher In The Rye. In decision, the inventiveness of J. D. Salinger # 8217 ; s subject and character in The Catcher In The Rye machinations, enlightens, inspires and draws the reader into the universe of the writer. The individual subject presented requires the reader to believe in order to pull out it from the novel # 8217 ; s many events. The character, Holden Caulfield, is a mirrored projection of J. D. Salinger. Caulfield allows the reader a glance at Salinger # 8217 ; s recluse life. # 8220 ; Every pupil of mine who has read Catcher In The Rye ( which includes those of low, mean, and high intelligence ) has readily identified himself with its hero, Holden Caulfield. They see in him, non the ideal immature adult male, but a immature adult male in hunt of himself, in hunt of his topographic point in the human strategy of things, and in struggle with the narrowness of the society in which he lives. Students come off from the book with a better apprehension of themselves and with a deeper incursion into American life # 8221 ; ( Alley 16-17 ) . If a book is capable of these things, if it has the ability to fascinate, inspire, enlighten, draw the reader into the universe of the writer, supply a glance of a hermit # 8217 ; s life, and unveil a better apprehension of one # 8217 ; s self, the book is no longer entirely a book, a novel, a chef-doeuvre, or a critically acclaimed rubric. It has earned the award and prestigiousness of being labeled a authoritative. Alley, Alvin D. # 8220 ; Alvin D. Alley. # 8221 ; Holden Caulfield. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1990. Gallic, Warren. # 8220 ; The Catcher In The Rye. # 8221 ; Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 12. Ed. Dedria Bryfonski. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1980. Lundquist, James. # 8220 ; The Catcher In The Rye. # 8221 ; Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 12. Ed. Dedria Bryfonski. Detroit: Gale Research Compaby. 1980. Salinger, J. D. The Catcher In The Rye. New York: Bantam Books, Inc. , 1986. Sandock, Mollie. # 8220 ; Catcher In The Rye. # 8221 ; Reference to American Literature. Ed. D.L. Kerkpatrick. 2nd erectile dysfunction. Chicago: St. James Press, 1982. Taylor, Thomas J. # 8220 ; The Catcher In The Rye # 8221 ; American Fiction Series. Ed. Frank N. Magill. Englewood Cliffs: Salem Press, 1986.

The New Enhanced ACT Writing Test (2016) Complete Guide

The New Enhanced ACT Writing Test (2016) Complete Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Did you know that the ACT Writing Test changed dramatically in Fall 2015? You might not, because people haven't talked about it much, but it changed the ACT and possibly standardized testing in general. It's scored based on all of the old ACT's criteria, but also on a number of new concepts. We've written the most comprehensive guide available on the new ACT Writing section. Keep reading to find out how you can prepare for and ace this new test. Because there's a lot to cover, we've divided this article into 3 sections, each exploring a major change in the new ACT Writing assignment: Part 1: Expanded Prompts Part 2: More Open-Ended Assignment Part 3: Redesigned Scoring Criteria Before we dive into this, it's useful to understand why they're changing the ACT Essay section, because this will help you write a better essay. Why Is the Writing Section Changing? One of colleges' biggest complaints about high school graduates is that their writing isn't academic or complex enough. Because the ACT is trying to position itself not only as a college entrance exam but also as a state-mandated graduation benchmark, it's always trying to stay relevant to the modern education system, and the Enhanced ACT Writing Test is a big part of that. ACT, Inc. gives a number of reasons for the changes to the essay assignment. The simplest explanation they give is that it "will allow students to more fully demonstrate their analytical writing ability." Edward R. Colby, a spokesman for ACT, has also commented on the increased complexity of the Enhanced ACT Writing assignment: â€Å"It won’t be ‘this side or that side,’† Mr. Colby said. â€Å"The question will ask students for multiple perspectives and support. It will be a more-complex prompt than what we’re delivering now.† But the real motivations behind the redesigned ACT Writing test are related to broader changes in education. Until recently, each state decided what to teach its students, and many students were graduating from high school totally unprepared for college. So in 2010, the National Governors Association released the Common Core standards in English and math. Forty-four of the fifty U.S. states and the District of Columbia have adopted the Common Core State Standards Initiative. The Grades 11-12 Common Core Writing Standards include references to three very specific types of writing: "Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence." "Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts, and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content." "Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, well-chosen details, and well-structured event sequences." As you'll be able to see in the scoring criteria later in the article, these three modes of writing correlate directly to the newly-added columns of writing modes in the ACT's new Writing Competencies Model. Will the Enhanced ACT Writing Test Matter More to Colleges? We don't yet know whether these changes will make the writing test more relevant to colleges, most of which don't require applicants to submit writing scores. But some of those colleges are big, and over 50 percent of high-school seniors are still writing essays when they take the ACT. Ultimately, colleges won't change their policies until the 2015 new ACT Writing test has been administered a few times, to see what the scores end up reflecting. For example, the old ACT essay is generally considered to be a somewhat skewed measure of students' writing ability. It can't test, as the Enhanced ACT Essay claims to, "insight/deeper understanding through thoughtful consideration." The closest it comes to testing "insight" is whether the examples logically support the point being made. It appears, though, that the new version is trying to capture more of the depth and meaning of an essay than has been attempted by standardized tests so far. PART I: Expanded Prompts While ACT, Inc. has only released a few sample prompts for the Enhanced ACT Writing section, we can learn a lot from them. The prompts are longer, more complicated, and cover a broader range of topics than the old prompts did. The topic of the old prompts mostly covered high school and education. They gave a paragraph on the topic and asked only that you "take a position" and support it. Old Prompt Style and Topic Here's the old style of prompt (this is all of it): Rather than concentrating on doing one thing at a time, high school students often divide their attention among several activities, such as watching television and using the computer while doing homework. Some educators believe multitasking is a bad practice when doing homework because they think dividing attention between multiple tasks negatively affects the quality of students' work. Other educators do not believe multitasking is a bad practice when doing homework because they think students accomplish more during their limited free time as a result of multitasking. In your opinion, is it too distracting for high school students to divide their attention among several activities when they are doing homework? In your essay, take a position on this question. You may write about either one of the two points of view given, or you may present a different point of view on this question. Use specific reasons and examples to support your position. As we discuss in our blog post about current ACT Writing prompts, and as is reflected in the prompt above, the old ACT prompts were all about topics related to high schoolers and high school education. And as you'll read next, that is no longer true with the introduction of the Enhanced ACT Writing Test. New Prompt Style and Topics The redesigned ACT Writing prompts are much more complex. They start with a passage about the same length as the old one, shown below. Notice that the prompt does not ask a specific question about the information. The prompt topic below, about the mechanization of the workforce, is a broad and often controversial issue in modern society. As you can see, it has nothing to do with high school or education. Note: in the prompt below, released by the ACT, the emphasis (in italics) of certain key phrases has been added by the editor. Intelligent Machines Many of the goods and services we depend on daily are now supplied by intelligent, automated machines rather than human beings. Robots build cars and other goods on assembly lines, where once there were human workers. Many of our phone conversations are now conducted not with people but with sophisticated technologies. We can now buy goods at a variety of stores without the help of a human cashier. Automation is generally seen as a sign of progress, but what is lost when we replace humans with machines? Given the accelerating variety and prevalence of intelligent machines, it is worth examining the implications and meaning of their presence in our lives. Since this is one of five prompts the ACT has released, we don't know anything about the range of topics they'll be covering. But we can draw some basic conclusions about their scope and structure. The Anatomy of the New ACT Writing Prompt Let's break down the new prompt, sentence by sentence. Sentence 1: General statement about "intelligent, automated machines" providing "goods and services" Sentences 2-4: Three specific examples of robots replacing human workers Sentence 5: Core question, "what is lost when we replace humans with machines?" Sentence 6: Instruction, "[Examine] the implications and meaning of [intelligent machines'] presence in our lives." As you can see, the instruction in Sentence 6 is phrased somewhat abstractly- it just says the topic is "worth examining." But since this is an essay prompt, we know that that sentence is actually telling us what it wants us to do. But that's not all! Added Perspectives, a.k.a. Points of View In addition to the large text prompt above, the Enhanced ACT Writing test gives you three different perspectives on the issue in thepassage: Perspective One What we lose with the replacement of people by machines is some part of our own humanity. Even our mundane daily encounters no longer require from us basic courtesy, respect, and tolerance for other people. Perspective Two Machines are good at low-skill, repetitive jobs, and at high-speed, extremely precise jobs. In both cases they work better than humans. This efficiency leads to a more prosperous and progressive world for everyone. Perspective Three Intelligent machines challenge our long-standing ideas about what humans are or can be. This is good because it pushes both humans and machines toward new, unimagined possibilities. Let's simplify the three perspectives: 1) Mechanization is related to and a symbol of perceived modern cultural disintegration (It's bad). 2) The efficiency of mechanization can only benefit humanity (It's good because it's efficient). 3) Mechanization is good because it tests our ideas about humanity (It's good because it challenges us). There's no way to know what the perspectives will be on future redesigned ACT Writing prompts, but it's safe to say that at least one will be positive and at least one will be negative. We'll explain what you're supposed to do with these perspectives below. PART II: More Open-Ended Assignment After the ACT presents you with this heap of information, it finally gives some specific instructions on what it wants you to do. Revised Expanded Instructions and Hints Here's the new 2015 ACT Writing Essay Task. It's safe to assume that this will be the same in every subsequent ACT Writing test. Essay Task Write a unified, coherent essay about the increasing presence of intelligent machines. In your essay, be sure to: clearly state your own perspective on the issue and analyze the relationship between your perspective and at least one other perspective develop and support your ideas with reasoning and examples organize your ideas clearly and logically communicate your ideas effectively in standard written English Your perspective may be in full agreement with any of the others, in partial agreement, or wholly different. There are a few new important things to note here: you now must not only choose a perspective on the issue (which, to make your life easier, should be one of those given), but also must discuss the relationship between the perspective you choose and at least one of the others. This is significantly more challenging than the amount of analysis you were expected to do in the old ACT Writing test. We'll get more deeply into this in a moment. New: Focus on Planning But wait! There's more! On a second page, the Enhanced ACT Writing Test gives space for planning your essay, and reminders of some things to consider including: Planning Your Essay Your work on these prewriting pages will not be scored. Use the space below and on the back cover to generate ideas and plan your essay. You may wish to consider the following as you think critically about the task: Strengths and weaknesses of the three given perspectives What insights do they offer, and what do they fail to consider? Why might they be persuasive to others, or why might they fail to persuade? Your own knowledge experience and values What is your perspective on this issue, and what are its strengths and weaknesses? How will you support your perspective in your essay? You can see, given the instructions, that there are a lot of elements to consider. It's a lot more open-ended than the old ACT essay. How Has the Assignment Changed? In the old ACT essay, you had 2 jobs: take a position on the topic (and defend it), and address (and disqualify) the opposing perspective to your own. In the Enhanced ACT Writing, you have still have 2 analytical jobs, but the specifics of the jobs have changed. You still have to take a position on the topic (and defend it), but,and this is the most novel part, you also have to discuss the relationship between the perspectives. The ACT gives you space in the essay booklet that's specifically for planning (to emphasize that planning is CRUCIAL to the assignment) and contains ideas for brainstorming support. Unfortunately, the ideas they give are a bit obtuse. Let's translate them into simpler wording: "What insights do they offer, and what do they fail to consider?" = how is each perspective right and wrong? "Why might they be persuasive to others, and how might they fail to persuade?" = why would people agree or disagree with each perspective? "What is your perspective on the issue, and what are its strengths and weaknesses?" = think about the perspective you choose and make sure it's easy to support (which, hopefully, you'd do automatically) "How will you support your perspective?" = the same thing you had to do on the old ACT essay: think of reasons and examples that show the validity of your argument PART III: Redesigned Scoring Criteria The old ACT Writing score criteria were in paragraph form, by score, and not broken down into categories. Let's take a look. The Old ACT Essay Scoring Criteria Score = 6 Essays within this score range demonstrate effective skill in responding to the task. The essay shows a clear understanding of the task. The essay takes a position on the issue and may offer a critical context for discussion. The essay addresses complexity by examining different perspectives on the issue, or by evaluating the implications and/or complications of the issue, or by fully responding to counterarguments to the writer's position. Development of ideas is ample, specific, and logical. Most ideas are fully elaborated. A clear focus on the specific issue in the prompt is maintained. The organization of the essay is clear: the organization may be somewhat predictable or it may grow from the writer's purpose. Ideas are logically sequenced. Most transitions reflect the writer's logic and are usually integrated into the essay. The introduction and conclusion are effective, clear, and well developed. The essay shows a good command of language. Sentences are varied and word choice is varied and precise. There are few, if any, errors to distract the reader. By contrast, the ACT's new "writing competencies model" looks really complicated, but much of it is the same as the old ACT essay requirements. The major categories are still the same- "generate ideas" is the same as "takes a position and supports it" and so on. Let's look at each section; the items in blue boxes are the newly-introduced elements. However, it's not 100% accurate to say that all of these are newly introduced. After the new criteria, we break down what's actually new and how it fits into the simpler, older scoring model. The Redesigned 2015 ACT Essay Scoring Criteria Generate Ideas Develop Ideas Sustain Ideas Organize Ideas Communicate Ideas There's a lot to digest here, so we've created a condensed version of the old ACT scoring criteria on the left and the new additions from the blue boxes above on the right. Old ACT Writing, Score of 6 New ACT Skill Name Enhanced ACT Writing adds... The essay takes a position on the issue and may offer a critical context for discussion. The essay addresses complexity by examining different perspectives on the issue, or by evaluating the implications and/or complications of the issue, or by fully responding to counterarguments to the writer's position. Generate ideas (Judgment, Analysis, Narration and Reflection) multiple perspectives articulate insight/depth of understanding situated perspectives (context) Development of ideas is ample, specific, and logical. Most ideas are fully elaborated. Develop Ideas (Develop a Position, Support an Explanation, Give an Account) appeals to emotion/feeling identify and explore relevant underlying assumptions, ideas, or values arrive at insight/deeper understanding through thoughtful consideration A clear focus on the specific issue in the prompt is maintained. Sustain ideas (Focus) Nothing New The organization of the essay is clear: the organization may be somewhat predictable or it may grow from the writer's purpose. Ideas are logically sequenced. Most transitions reflect the writer's logic and are usually integrated into the essay. The introduction and conclusion are effective, clear, and well developed. Organize ideas (Organization) Sequence narrative elements effectively The essay shows a good command of language. Sentences are varied and word choice is varied and precise. There are few, if any, errors to distract the reader. Communicate Ideas (Language Use) Use appropriate voice and tone Use narrative techniques Use descriptive vocabulary Why Are There 3 Columns of Criteria? The old ACT was entirely focused, in its instructions and scoring, on the Persuasive/Argumentative mode of writing. You were supposed to analyze the topic thoughtfully, which is part of the Analytical Expository mode, and you were encouraged to use examples, which requires the Reflective Narrative mode. But only the goals of the Persuasive/Argumentative mode were meant to count toward your score. Like many recent education changes, redesigned ACT Writing scoring is purposely in line with the Common Core state standards, which are meant to improve the U.S.'s competency in relation to the education systems of other countries, and to make sure all students graduate college-ready. These standards are considered more difficult than previous public school standards, and the changes are somewhat controversial in some circles. In any case, the ACT is now including this more complex (and accurate) view of writing competency in their new essay format. Let's get more in depth with these two new modes of writing. Analytical Expository Mode You've probably written plenty of expository papers for high school, but the redesigned ACT Writingis focusing more on the Analytical part of the description. While the old ACT essay (and the SAT essay) scored only the persuasive elements of the essay- whether your arguments logically supported your point- the new scoring system is meant to reward INSIGHT. This is actually a huge revelation for standardized testing, and is not something that can be scored by a computer. Reflective Narrative Mode Really, this could just be called Storytelling. It's supposed to cover any specific examples or personal stories you choose to use to support your thesis. It's the least important of the three modes, both in the ACT essay and in academic writing. We don't need to worry much about these criteria- just give your examples clearly, and try to include all the relevant details. In scoring essays at PrepScholar, we don't find that this is a common problem for students. Which ACT Writing Test Should I Take? Most people will probably tell you that the old ACT Writing test was easier than the Enhanced ACT Writing test, and that you should definitely choose it over the new test if you have a choice. But it's a bit more complicated than that: it may be more accurate to say that the old test is more formulaic, scoring only for logical structure rather than actual insight or ability to analyze multiple viewpoints. If you're the kind of student who writes great essays for English class, or who loves writing well, the redesigned ACT Writing test may be for you. It will take into account analytical skills that aren't part of the old essay, so if you write a really insightful essay for the old test, you won't be rewarded for it. On the redesigned ACT Writing test, you will. Personally, I've always been the kind of person who hates writing to a formula and who wants all my writing to be interesting and insightful. For that reason, I'd choose the new test. How Can I Study for the New ACT Writing Test? Well, since we only have a few prompts, we don't know yet what specific topics you should read up on. But we do know you'll be asked to write about multiple perspectives on common cultural debates, such as nuclear power or government-subsidized health insurance. So you can google "debate topics," choose a few that are appropriate for high schoolers, and prepare your own prompts: just find three different perspectives on the issue, and then use them to perform the Essay Task above. The ACT may be releasing more information before the redesigned Writing test is administered, so stay tuned to the PrepScholar blog to keep yourself in the know! What's Next? If you're researching this topic, you're probably looking to score a pretty high score. Read our guide to how to get a perfect ACT score, written by our 36 ACT scorer. Also, read our guide on how to get a perfect 12 on the ACT Writing section. What's a good ACT score for you? 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